Criminal procedural law

Prerequisits:
No special requirements

Content :
Students will get the following criminal procedural law overview:

1. Historical development of criminal procedural law:
   • Three historical types of criminal procedure (accusatorial, inquisitorial and mixed);
   • Historical development of criminal procedural law on the territory of today’s Slovenia;
     
2. Current Criminal Procedural Code (1995) and other sources of criminal procedural law:
   • Changes of the Criminal Procedural Code
   • Debate about a new code;
   • EU criminal procedural law;
     
3. Criminal procedural law as science – overview of different schools at postgraduate level
4. Principles of criminal procedural law;
5. Participants in a criminal procedure:
   • Criminal law court;
   • Suspect/accused person and his/her rights (taking into account Constitutional and ECHR rights);
   • Prosecutor, including the European Public Prosecutor;
   • Other participants;
     
6. Object of criminal procedure;
7. Procedural acts in criminal law, especially as regards evidence collection;
8. Miranda warnings (comparison between Slovenia, United States, EU and ECHR)
9. Inadmissibility of evidence and the exclusionary rule at postgraduate level:
   • Slovenia;
   • Comparative;
   • Cross-border and EU law.
     
10. Analysis of the phases of criminal procedure at postgraduate level
11. Summary procedures and consensual type of criminal procedure
    • Return of the inquisitorial paradigm.

Readings:

Required readings:
Temeljna monografija

• Z. Dežman, A. Erbežnik, Kazensko procesno pravo RS z osnovami kazenskega prava EU, GV Založba, 2021

Pravni predpisi

Ustava Republike Slovenije (Ur.l. RS, št. 33I/1991 in nasl.)

Evropska konvencija o varstvu človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin, Uradni list RS (13. 6. 1994) MP, št. 7-41/1994 (RS 33/1994) - členi 3,5,6 in 8

Zakon o kazenskem postopku (Ur. l. RS, št. 63/1994 in nasl.)

Zakon o nalogah in pooblastilih policije (Uradni list RS, št. 23/15 in nasl.)

Primeri sodne prakse Ustavnega sodišča RS

• U-I-18/93 – pripor
• U-I-25/95 – posebni ukrepi
• U-I-92/96 – psihološka okužba
• U-I-272/98 – posebni ukrepi
• Up-599/04 - pravica do uporabe svojega jezika
• U-I-271/08 – razrešitev dolžnosti varovanja tajnosti podatkov
• Up-1293/08 - privilegij zoper samoobtožbo
• U-I-312/11 - shranjevanje DNA vzorcev
• U-I-42/12 - ustavnopravni položaj državnega tožilca
• U-I-115/14-28, Up-218/14 - preiskava odvetniške pisarne itd.

Direktiva 2012/13/EU Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 22. maja 2012 o pravici do obveščenosti v kazenskem postopku

Direktiva 2013/48/EU Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 22. oktobra 2013 o pravici do dostopa do odvetnika v kazenskem postopku in v postopkih na podlagi evropskega naloga za prijetje ter pravici do obvestitve tretje osebe ob odvzemu prostosti in do komunikacije s tretjimi osebami in konzularnimi organi med odvzemom prostosti

Direktiva (EU) 2016/343 Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 9. marca 2016 o krepitvi nekaterih vidikov domneve nedolžnosti in krepitvi pravice biti navzoč na sojenju v kazenskem postopku

Izbrana sodna praksa ESČP – podano na predavanjih in vajah

Izbrana sodna praksa Vrhovnega sodišča ZDA – podano na predavanjih in vajah

Izbrana sodna praksa Sodišča EU - podano na predavanjih in vajah

Recommended readings:
Zakon o sodelovanju v kazenskih zadevah z državami članicami Evropske unije/Act on cooperation in criminal matters with the Member states of the European Union (Uradni list RS, št. 48/13, 37/15 in 22/18)
Okvirni sklep sveta 2002/584/PNZ z dne 13. junija 2002 o evropskem nalogu za prijetje in postopkih predaje med državami članicami
Direktiva Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta 2014/41/EU z dne 3. aprila 2014 o evropskem preiskovalnem nalogu v kazenskih zadevah
Direktiva 2012/29/EU Evropskega parlamenta in Sveta z dne 25. oktobra 2012 o določitvi minimalnih standardov na področju pravic, podpore in zaščite žrtev kaznivih dejanj ter o nadomestitvi Okvirnega sklepa Sveta 2001/220/PNZ
Uredba (EU) 2017/1939 – o izvajanju okrepljenega sodelovanja v zvezi z ustanovitvijo Evropskega javnega tožilstva („EJT“)
Erbežnik, Anže. Vprašanje skladnosti 17. člena ZKP z Ustavo, Pravna praksa, št. 49-50/2007
Erbežnik, Anže. Vprašanje ekskluzije: primerjava Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice ter slovenskega in hrvaškega sistema, Revus, št. 11/2009
Erbežnik, Anže. Ustavna analiza slovenskega "pouka Miranda" in izločitev dokazov. Pravnik : revija za pravno teorijo in prakso ISSN: 0032-6976.- Letn. 65, št. 3/4 (2010), str. 215-239
Kamisar et al. Basic Criminal Procedure, 14th ed., 2015
Šorli, Marko, Pogajanja med obdolžencem in obrambo, Podjetje in delo, št. 6-7/2011, str. 1038-1046
Šorli, Marko, Vloga in položaj sodišča v kazenskem postopku, Podjetje in delo, Dnevni slovenskih pravnikov, zbornik, 2001, str. 1035-1043
Šorli, Marko, Procesno vodstvo z vidika zlorab pravic udeležencev v (kazenskem) postopku, Pravosodni bilten,  Letn. 21, [št. ]2 (2000), str. 133-141
Zobec, Barbara, Pravna presoja v tujini pridobljenih dokazov, pridobljenih za potrebe tujega postopka, brez sodelovanja naše države, Pravna praksa, št. 44/2015
Zobec, Barbara, Zahteva za presojo ustavnosti prvega odstavka 115. člena Zakona o kazenskem postopku v zadevi I Ips 306/2009, 20. 4. 2015, Dignitas, št. 67-68(2015), str. 9-29.
Zupančič, Boštjan M., et al. Ustavno kazensko procesno pravo, Pasadena, 2002

Objectives and competences:
Students will develop the following general competences: :

• Ability to take into account and enhance ethical values, socially responsible thinking and critical relationship to social developments when taking decisions, regardless of the topic and level of decision-taking;
• Self-initiative and independent decision-making at postgraduate level;
• Specialised legal knowledge as regards obligatory study courses;
• Ability to use theory in legal practice, including the ability to solve difficult cases requiring a synthesis of different legal areas; and ability to prepare difficult legal instruments;
• Ability of individual and teamwork;
• Understanding and use of legal syllogism and argumentation, general communication skills, ability to present gathered information inside and outside the organisation setting and in international environment;
• Ability to use different interpretative methods for understanding of legal texts;
• Ability of scientific-research work in to search for legal sources at advanced postgraduate level.

Students will develop the following specific competences: :

• In-depth legal knowledge in the concerned field and its use in practice at postgraduate level;
• Interdisciplinarity;
• Understanding the principles of democratic criminal law at postgraduate level;
• Using advanced analysis and synthesis, and being able to predict possible outcomes in criminal procedural law;
• Ability of procedural issues in a given case as regards legality of procedure, admissibility of evidence and procedural fundamental rights at postgraduate level;
• Ability to writte a criminal law judgment from a criminal procedure perspective at postgraduate level.

Intended learning outcomes:
After completing the course, the student will be fully acquainted with advanced concepts of Slovenian criminal procedural law and its role in the EU and international legal order (ECtHR and comparative American constitutional criminal procedural law - selected institutes, e.g. Miranda warnings). The participant will understand the importance of the principles of criminal procedure at postgraduate level in terms of recognizing advanced inquisitorial and accusatorial elements of the procedure, the concepts of objects, participant and various procedural acts, with emphasis on evidence law and procedural coercion, as well different procedural phases. Consequently, the participant will be able such theoretical knowledge to an advanced concrete practical criminal case and analyze the latter (analysis of procedural problems from the point of view of legality of proceedings and obtained evidence at postgraduate level), possible exclusion of evidence and the judge due to partiality, understanding the consensual model of procedure (plea bargaining) and its problems, e.g. bringing back inquisitorial features, etc. Thus, the participant will be able to give a synthesis of the previous in writing (e.g. in the form of a draft criminal judgment from a procedural law perspective), present the matter to others in an argumentative manner and critically evaluate his/her own analysis in discourse with others at postgraduate level.

Learning and teaching methods:
Lectures with active participation of student; prior hand-out of materials for preparation of students for each topic; practical work based on concrete case assesments.

Assessment
Written exam – theory and practical case

Lecturer's references

- Legalizacija ali kriminalizacija drog (»Legalisation or criminalisation of drugs), article, Revija 2000, št. 141-142/2001
- Ustavno kazensko procesno pravo (»Constitutional Criminal Procedural Law«), co-author, case-book, Pasadena, 2000 and 2003, 2nd ed.
- Kazensko procesno pravo RS (»Criminal procedural law of the Republic of Slovenia«), co-author, book, GV Založba, 2003
- Nekaj pogledov na predlagano novelo ZKP (»Some reflections on the proposed reform of the Criminal Procedural Act«), article, Pravna praksa, No. 14/2003
- Dialektični ugovor zoper temeljna izhodišča popolne prenove ZKP (»Dialectical opposition against the basis for a full reform of the Criminal Procedural Act«), article, Pravnik, No. 4-6/2005
- Sodnik kot varuh demokratične družbe (»The Judge as a Guardian of democratic society«), article, Pravnik, No. 4-5/2006
- Vprašanje skladnosti 17. člena ZKP z Ustavo (»Compatibility of Article 17 of the Criminal Procedural Act with the Slovenian Constitution«), article, Pravna praksa, No. 49-50/2007
- Ustavno sodišče RS ter evropski nalog za prijetje in predajo ali “kdo se boji Virginije Woolf” (»Slovenian Constitutional Court and the European Arrest Warrant or who is afraid of Virginia Woolf«), article, Pravna praksa, No. 1/2008
- Vprašanje ekskluzije: primerjava Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice ter slovenskega in hrvaškega sistema (»Exclusionary rule – comparison between ECtHR, Slovenian and Croatian system), article, Revus, No. 11/2009
- Ustavna analiza slovenskega pouka Miranda in izločitev dokazov (»Constitutional analysis of the Slovenian »Miranda« warnings system and admissibility of evidence«), article, Pravnik, No. 3-4/2010
- Načelo vzajemnega priznavanja v okviru EU kot slaba utilitaristična rešitev (»Principle of mutual recognition in EU law as an utilitarian solution«), article, Dignitas, No. 47-48/2010
- Problem dogmatične absolutizacije ekskluzije (»The problem of a dogmatic understanding of the exclusionary rule«), article, Pravna praksa, No. 9/2010
- Kompatibilnost slovenske zakonodaje s sodbo nemškega ustavnega sodišča glede hrambe podatkov (»Compatibility of Slovenian legislation with the German Constitutional Court decision on data retention«), Pravna praksa, No. 11/2010
- Evropski nalog za prijetje in predajo – temna stran meseca (»European Arrest Warrant – the dark side of the moon«), article, Pravna praksa, No. 42/2010
- Tolmačenje in prevajanje v kazenskih postopkih: z novo direktivo v novo obdobje razvoja kazenskega prava (»Interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings: the new EU directive«), article, Pravna praksa, No. 43/2010
- Odvzem premoženja nezakonitega izvora – obid kavtel poštenega postopka? (»Confiscation of illegaly obtained property – violation of fair trila?«), article, Pravna praksa, No. 32/2011
- Mednarodno sodelovanje v kazenskih postopkih – podhranjeno področje (»International cooperation in criminal matters – an underdeveloped area«), article, Pravna praksa, No. 36/2011
- Evolutivna teorija razvoja prava (»Evolutionary thoery of law«), GV Založba, book, 2012
- Mednarodna kazenskopravna pomoč in novela ZKP-K (»MLA and the reform of Criminal procedural law«), Podjetje in delo, Dnevi pravnikov 2012
- Language training on the vocabulary of judicial cooperation in criminal matters, Handbook, EJTN, 2012
- The principle of mutual recognition as a utilitarian solution, and the way forward, EuCLR, No. 1/2012
- Prenova predkazenskega postopka zahteva temeljit premislek (»An overhaul of the criminal procedural law demands a sober reflection«), article, Pravna praksa, št. 9/2013
Kladivo čarovnic – o pomenu neodvisnosti sodstva v demokratični republiki (»The Hammer of Witches – role of judicial independency in a democratic republic«), article, Pravna praksa, št. 22/2013
- Skupni standardi EU na področju kazenskega prava v primerjavi z nacionalnimi ustavnopravnimi standardi – Solange Reloaded (»Common standards in the area of EU criminal law in comparison with national constitutional standards – Solange Reloaded«), Pravna praksa, No. 27/2014
- Legitimacy and Trust in Criminal Law, Policy and Justice, co-author, book, Ashgate, 2014
- Mutual recognition in EU criminal law – beyond national sovereignity and international criminal law, Zbornik pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci, posebno izdanje za prof. Pavišića, 2014
- European Public prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) – too much, too son and without legitimacy?, EuCLR, No. 2/2015
- Cras S, Erbežnik A (2016) The directive on the presumption of innocence and the right to be present at trial. Genesis and description of the new EU-measure. Eucrim 7/2016:25–35
- The Needed Balances in EU Criminal Law, Hart Publishing, 2017, chapter in book
- Komentar Ustave RS, 2019
- Komentar KZ-1, Splošni del, GV Založba, 2021
- Kazensko procesno pravo RS, spremenjena in dopolnjena izdaja, GV Založba, 2021 (v pripravi)